The Victorian Period (1832-1901)
āĻ āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ:
đ ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§ āϏাāϞেāϰ āϏিāĻĒাāĻšী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰোāĻšেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϰাāύী āĻিāĻ্āĻোāϰিā§া ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ž āϏাāϞে āĻāϏ্āĻ āĻāύ্āĻĄিā§া āĻোāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻাāĻ āĻĨেāĻে āĻাāϰāϤীā§ āĻāĻĒāĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻļাāϏāύāĻাāϰ āύিāĻ āĻšাāϤে āĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰেāύ।
đā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§Ļ āϏাāϞে āĻাāϰāϤে āύীāϞ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϰোāĻšেāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏাāύ āĻāĻে।
đāĻāĻ āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻ্āϏāĻŦāĻļিāώ্āĻ্āϝ āĻšāϞো- Symbolism, Medievalism, Sensuousness etc.
đ Concept of communism (āϏাāĻŽ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āϧাāϰāĻŖা) āĻāĻ āϝুāĻāĻে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦিāϤ āĻāϰে।
đāĻāĻ āϝুāĻে Charles Darwin āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ Theory of Evolution (āĻŦিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāĻŦাāĻĻ āϤāϤ্āϤ¡) āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāϰিāϤ āĻšā§। āϝা āĻিāϞ āϧāϰ্āĻŽীā§ āĻেāϤāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাংāĻāϰ্āώিāĻ।
đ In 1833, slaves were declared free .
đ In 1833, Fabian society was formed .
đ Bahadur Shah II, (1837–1857) the last Mughal Emperor was deposed in 1858 by the British East India company and exiled to Burma following the War of 1857 after the fall of Delhi to the company troops. His death marks the end of the Mughal dynasty.
đ ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Š āϏাāϞে āϞāϰ্āĻĄ āĻĄাāϞāĻšে․āϏি āĻāĻĒāĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļে āϰেāϞ āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ āĻাāϞু āĻāϰেāύ āĻāĻŦং ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে(āĻāĻļ্āĻŦāϰāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϏাāĻāϰেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻেāώ্āĻাā§) āĻŦিāϧāĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻāĻāύ āĻĒাāϏ āĻāϰাāύ।
đā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§ āϏাāϞে āϞāϰ্āĻĄ āĻ্āϝাāύিং āĻāĻĒāĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒ্āϰ āĻŽ āĻাāĻāĻেāϰ āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āĻāĻŦং ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§§ āϏাāϞে āĻĒুāϞিāĻļ āϏাāϰ্āĻিāϏ āĻাāϞু āĻāϰেāύ।
đā§§ā§Žā§Šā§¯-ā§§ā§Žā§Ē⧍ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻীāύ āĻ āĻŦ্āϰিāĻেāύেāϰ āĻŽাāĻে āĻāϰā§ংঃ āĻā§āϰঁāϏ āĻĄāϧ⧠āϏংāĻāĻ িāϤ āĻšā§। āĻ āϝুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻীāύ āĻĒāϰাāĻিāϤ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦং āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻাāĻে āĻšংāĻং āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻি āϞিāĻ āĻĻিāϤে āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻšā§।
đ ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏ āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰāĻে āϏ্āĻ্āϝাāĻু āĻ
āĻŦ āϞিāĻŦাāϰ্āĻি āĻāĻĒāĻšাāϰ āĻĻেā§, āϝা ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē āϏাāϞে āϝুāĻ্āϤāϰাāώ্āĻ্āϰ āϏāϰāĻাāϰ āĻাāϤীā§ āϏে․āϧ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻāϰে।
đ āĻিāĻ্āĻোāϰিā§া ÎŧāϏ (āĻ āϰāĻĒঃā§ā§āϰāϧ āĻā§ā§ংং) āĻŦৃāĻেāύেāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāĻ্āĻ āϏাāĻŽāϰিāĻ āĻেāϤাāĻŦ। āĻāĻŽāύāĻā§েāϞāĻĨāĻুāĻ্āϤ āĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻŽূāĻšেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻāϰা āĻšā§।
đāĻŦ্āϰিāĻিāĻļ āϰাāĻāĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻŦাāϏāĻāĻŦāύ āĻšāϞো āϞāύ্āĻĄāύেāϰ ‘āĻŦাāĻিংāĻšাāĻŽv āĻĒ্āϝাāϞেāϏ’, āϰাāύী āĻিāĻ্āĻোāϰিā§া āĻ āĻĒ্āϰাāϏাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ āĻŽ āϰাāύী āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦāϏāĻŦাāϏ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ।
āĻāϝুāĻেāϰ āϤিāύāĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻāĻŦি āĻšāϞেāύ-
Major poets and authors of the Victorian Period
Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)
Famous Poems of Tennyson:
- Oenone (āĻāύোāύী: daughter of River-God)
- Ulysses -āĻ্āϰীāĻ āĻŦীāϰ (āĻāĻ āύাāĻŽে James Joyce āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ Novel āĻāĻে।)
- Lotus Eaters (āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽ āĻেঁāĻো)
- The Lady of Shalott ( āϤāĻŦে The Lady of the Lake āύাāĻŽে āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻāĻŦিāϤাāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ āύিāĻ āĻ্āϞাāϏিāĻ্āϝাāϞ āĻĒিāϰিāĻāĻĄেāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ Sir Walter Scott)
- Locksley Hall (āĻāϰ āύাā§িāĻাāϰ āύাāĻŽ -āĻāĻŽি)
- Tinhonus ( āĻিāĻĨোāύাāϏ; āϤিāύি āĻŽāϰ্āϤ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻŦিā§ে āĻāϰেāύ āĻāώা āĻĻেāĻŦী Aurora āĻে)
- The Two Voices
- The Charge of the light Brigade
- The Lover’s Tale
- Morte D’ Arthur (āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦিāϤাāĻি āĻĒৌāϰāĻŖিāĻ āϰাāĻা āĻŽāϰ্āĻি āĻĄি āĻāϰ্āĻĨাāϰāĻে āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা; āĻāϤে āĻĒৌāϰāĻŖিāĻ Excaliber āϤāϰāĻŦাāϰিāϰ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§েāĻে।** Morte D’ Arthur āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ Prose āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ Middle English Period āĻāϰ āĻāĻŦি Sir Thomas Malory)
- English Idyll
- Vision of Sin
- Tears Idle Tears
Famous Elegy (āĻļোāĻāĻীāϤি):
In Memoriam ( āĻāĻি āĻāĻŦিāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧু Arthur Henny Hallam āĻāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা)
Famous Comedies:
- The Falcon
- Queen Marry (āϤāĻŦে Queen Mab āĻšāϞো Shelly’āϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻāĻŦিāϤা)
- Harlod
Famous Quotes of Tennyson:
- Sorrows are the best educator.
- A man can see farther through a tear than a telescope.
- The old order changeth yielding place to new. (Morte D’ Arthur)
(āĻāϏেāĻে āύāϤুāύ āĻļিāĻļু, āϤাāĻে āĻেā§ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে āϏ্āĻĨাāύ।)
4. I will never rest from travels
I will drink life to the lees. (Ulysses)
5. Authority forgets a dying king. (Morte D’ Arthur)
6. More things are wrought out by prayers. (Morte D’ Arthur)
7. Death is the end of life, Ah! Why should life all labour be. (Lotus Eaters)
8. Knowledge comes but wisdom lingers. (Locksley Hall)
9. It is better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all. (In Memoriam)
10. Who are wise in love, love most, say least.
Robert Browning (1812-1889)
Robert Browning was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues, made him one of the foremost Victorian Poets. āϤিāύি āĻŦāϞেāύ-Italy was my University. He was a famous poet of Dramatic Monologue. (āύাāĻāĻীā§ āϏ্āĻŦāĻāϤোāĻ্āϤি)।
Titles: The innovator of Dramatic Monologue/ the father of Dramatic Monologue.
āϝে āϏāĻŦ āύাāĻāĻে āĻāĻāĻāύ Speaker āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ āĻŦা āĻāĻাāϧিāĻ āĻļ্āϰোāϤা āĻĨাāĻে, āϤāĻŦে āĻļ্āϰোāϤা āĻোāύ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞে āύা Dramatic Monologue āϤাāĻে āĻŦāϞে।
āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ Dramatic Monologue āĻšāϞো āĻĒāϞ্āϞী āĻāĻŦি āĻāϏীāĻŽ āĻāĻĻ্āĻĻীāύেāϰ āĻāĻŦāϰ āĻāĻŦিāϤা।
Books of poems:
- Men and Women (āĻ āĻŽিāϤ্āϰাāĻ্āώāϰ āĻāύ্āĻĻে/Black Verse)
- Dramatic Lyrics
- The Ring of the Book
Famous Poems:
- My Last Duchess. (āĻŦিāĻāϤ āĻĒāϤ্āύী)
- The Patriot (āϤāĻŦে Patriotism āĻāĻŦিāϤাāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ Sir Walter Scott)
- The Ring and the Book (an epic poem)
- Andrea Del Sarto
- Porphyria’s Lover
- A grammarian’s Funeral
- Home Thoughts from Abroad (A political Poem)
- Rabbi Ben Ezra (āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻāĻšুāĻĻি āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ; āĻāĻšুāĻĻিāĻĻেāϰ āϧāϰ্āĻŽāϝাāĻāĻāĻে ‘āϰেāĻŦাāĻ’ āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§ )
- Fra Lippo Lippi (āϞিāĻĒ্āĻĒু āϞিāĻĒ্āĻĒি )
- The Pied piper of Hamelin
- Two In the Campagna
- Love Among The Ruins
Famous Quotes:
- Ignorance is not innocence but sin (The Inn Album)
- So absolutely good is truth
- Truth never hurts the taller.
Oppression makes the wise man mad.
- God is in the Heaven
All is right with the world.
Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
Matthew Arnold āĻিāϞেāύ Victorian āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻ āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻļ্āϰেāώ্āĻ Poet (āĻāĻŦি) Critic (āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāĻ)।
Title – Melancholic/Elegiac Poet (āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻĻুঃāĻāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻŦি- āϝāϤীāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāύাāĻĨ āϏেāύāĻুāĻĒ্āϤ।)
āϤিāύি Oxford āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§েāϰ ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻāϰ Professor of Poetry āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤ āĻিāϞেāύ।
He was also a critic and eassayist.
Famous Books:
- The Study of Poetry (āĻāĻি āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāĻāύা āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ।)
- Literature and Dogma
- Culture and Anarchy (āĻাāĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ)
- Essays in Criticism
Famous Elegies:
- Thyrsis ( āĻĨাāĻāϰ্āϏি; āĻāĻŦিāϰ āĻŦāύ্āϧু Arthur Clough āĻāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা।)
- Rugby Chapel (āĻāĻŦিāϰ āĻŦাāĻŦাāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা। )
- Heine’s Grave ( āĻāĻŦিāϰ āĻাāĻ Heine āĻāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা। )
- Howarth’s Churchyard (Charlotte Bronte āĻāϰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āύিā§ে āϞেāĻা।)
Famous Poems:
- Dover Beach (āĻĄোāĻাāϰ āϏৈāĻāϤ; āĻĄোāĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŖাāϞী āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏ āĻ āĻŦ্āϰিāĻেāύāĻে āĻĒৃāĻĨāĻ āĻāϰেāĻে।)
- Sohrab and Rustom
- The Scholar Gypsy (āϝাāϝাāĻŦāϰ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ)
- Cromwell
- The Forsaken Merman
Famous Quotes:
- Truth sits upon the lips of dying men.
- Poetry is the criticism of life. (The Study of Poetry)
- Even science will appear incomplete without poetry.
- The sea of Faith
Was once, too, at the full. (Dover Beach)
Charles Dickens
āĻাāϰ্āϞāϏ āĻĄিāĻেāύ্āϏ āĻিāĻ্āĻোāϰিā§াāύ āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻāύāĻĒ্āϰিā§ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻাāĻŦাāύ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ। āϤাāϰ āϰāĻāύাāĻুāϞো āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻāύāĻĒ্āϰিā§āϤা āĻĒাā§।
He was the greatest novelist in the Victorian Period
āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ: Sketches By Boz
Famous Novels:
- David Copperfield (āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻীāĻŦāύীāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ; āĻāϤিāĻŽ āĻļিāĻļু āĻĄেāĻিāĻĄ āĻāĻĒাāϰāĻĢিāϞ্āĻĄেāϰ āĻŦā§ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻ া āĻāĻŦং āϏ⧠āĻŦাāĻŦাāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻŽāĻŽ āύিāϰ্āϝাāϤāύেāϰ āĻাāĻšিāύী।)
- Great Expectations (āĻেāύ্āĻĻ্āϰীā§ āĻāϰিāϤ্āϰ – Pip, Miss Havidham, Estella; āĻĒিāĻĒ āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŦাāϞāĻেāϰ āĻŦā§ āĻšā§ে āĻāĻ াāϰ āĻāϞ্āĻĒ।)
- A Tale of Two Cities (āĻĻুāĻ āĻļāĻšāϰ- āϞāύ্āĻĄāύ āĻ āĻĒ্āϝাāϰিāϏ; āĻĢāϰাāϏি āĻŦিāĻĒ্āϞāĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ্āώিāϤে āϞেāĻা; āĻিāύ্āϤু A Tale of a āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ Jonathon Swift)
- Hard Times (āϤā§āĻাāϞীāύ āĻংāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄেāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāĻিāĻ āĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ āĻ āϏ্āĻĨিāϰāϤা āύিā§ে।)
- Oliver Twist (āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦাāϞāĻেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦিāώāĻš āĻীāĻŦāύ āĻাāĻšিāύী āύিā§ে।)
- A Christmas Carol
- The Bleak House
- The Old Curiosity Shop
- The Pickwick Papers
- The Mystery of Edwin Drood (āĻāĻি āĻ āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
- Our Mutual Friend
- Little Dorrit
- The Battle of Life ( āϤāĻŦে The Battle of the Books āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ Jonathon Swift)
Famous Quote:
“Charity begins at home and justice begins next door.” – Great Expectations
Maxim Gorky
He is the father of Socialist realism (āϏāĻŽাāĻāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻŦাāĻĻ)
Novels: 1. Mother (āϰুāĻļ āĻাāώাā§ )
- My Childhood
William Makepeace Thackary
He was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English Society.
Famous Novels:
- Vanity Fair (āĻ Novel āĻāϰ Hero āύেāĻ। Vanity Fair Novel āĻĻ্āĻŦাāϰা England āĻে Satire āĻāϰেāĻেāύ। āĻāϰ Theme āĻšāϞো : Man’s sinful attachments to worldly things.
- The Virginisans : A Tale of the last Century (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§-ā§Ģ⧝; āĻāĻি āϤাāϰ Historical Novel)
- Catherine : A Story (āĻāĻি āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
- The Newcomes (first published in 1855)
- A Shabby Genteel Story
- Pendennis
- Men’s Wives
- The Rose and the Ring
Edward Fitzgerald (āĻĢিāĻাāϰāϞāĻĄ)
He translated Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam into English. (āĻĢাāϰ্āϏি āĻাāώাāϰ āĻāĻŦি āĻāĻŽāϰ āĻৈā§াāĻŽেāϰ āϰোāĻŦাāĻā§াāϤ)
John Stuart Mill ( āĻāύ āϏ্āĻুā§াāϰ্āĻ āĻŽিāϞ)
Books:
- On Liberty
- Utilitarianism ( āĻāĻĒāϝোāĻāĻŦাāĻĻ)
- A System of Logic
- Slavery
- Women’s Night
- Economic Philosophy
Thomas Hardy
Title: Pessimistic Novelist (āĻšāϤাāĻļাāĻŦাāĻĻী)
āϤাāϰ āϏংāĻāϞিāϤ āĻাāĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨেāϰ āύাāĻŽ : Wessex Poems
āϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻāĻŦিāϤা: At an Inn (āϏāϰাāĻāĻাāύা)
Famous Novels:
- Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (āĻĄাāϰāĻŦাāϰāĻŦিāϞ āĻŦংāĻļেāϰ āĻļāĻি āĻŽেā§ে āĻেāϏেāϰ āĻ্āϰ্āϝাāĻেāĻĄি; Characters – Tess, Alec, Angel)
- The Return of the Native
- Jude the Obscure (Hardy exposed his deepest feelings in this bleak, angry novel and stung by the hostile response, he never wrote another.)
- The Trumpet Major (āĻāĻি āĻšাāϰ্āĻĄিāϰ āĻāĻāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏিāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ; āĻ্āϰাāĻĢাāϞāĻাāϰ āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻ্āώাāĻĒāĻে āϞেāĻা)
- A pair of Blue Eyes ( āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύে āĻļāϰā§āĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϤাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻৃāĻšāĻĻাāĻš āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϰāĻāύা āĻāϰেāύ।)
- Far from the Madding Crowd
- The Poor Man and the Lady
- The Mayor of Caster bridge
- Under the Greenwood Tree ( āϤāĻŦে āĻāĻ āĻļিāϰেāύাāĻŽে Shakespere āĻāϰ As You It āύাāĻāĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি Song āĻāĻে।)
- Desperate Remedies
Famous Quotes: “The Greater the sinner, the greater the saint.”
Christina Rossetti
Poems:
- A Daughter of Eve
- My Dream
- Bride Song
- Dream Land
Dante Gabriella Rossetti
Poems:
- Heart Compass
- Love and Hope
- Supreme Surrender
- Nuptial Sleep
- Redemption
R.L Stevenson
He was a Scottish writer. English Travelogue āĻāϰ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āϞেāĻāĻ।
Famous Novels:
- The Treasure Island
- The New Arabian Nights
- Kidnapped
- Black Arrows.
Sir Richard Francis Burton
Famous Novel:
Arabian Nights ( āĻāϞিāĻĢ āϞাā§āϞা)
Benjamin Franklin (āĻŦেāĻ্āĻাāĻŽিāύ āĻĢ্āϰাāĻ্āĻāϞিāύ)
āϤিāύি āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻĻাāϰ্āĻļāύিāĻ
Quotes:
- Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
- Honesty is the best policy.
- Admiration is the daughter of ignorance
Charlotte Bronte
āϤিāύি āĻŦ্āϰুāύāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āĻŦā§ āĻŽেā§ে। āϤাāϰ āĻীāĻŦāύী āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ The Life of Charlotte Bronte āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ – Mrs Gaskell
Novels:
- Jane Eyre (āĻেāĻšāύ āĻā§াāϰ) ( āĻ āĻŽāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽেāϰ āĻāĻ āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻীāĻŦāύীāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϤিāύি Cerrer Bell āĻāĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽে āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰেāύ।)
- Shirley
- The Professor (āĻāĻি āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
Emily Bronte
āϤিāύি āĻŦ্āϰুāύāĻি āĻĒāϰিāĻŦাāϰেāϰ ⧍⧠āĻŽেā§ে
Her Only Novel:
Wuthering Heights (āĻ āĻĻাāϰিং)
āĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļোāϧāĻĒāϰাā§āĻŖ āĻĻুāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻļীāϰ āĻāϞ্āĻĒ। āĻāĻি āϤিāύি Ellis Bell āĻāĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽে ( Pen-Name) āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰেāύ।
Famous Poems of Emily:
- A Death Scene
- Day Dream
- A Little While
Leo Tolstoy
He was a Russian novelist and playwright and political thinker.
Famous plays:
- The Power of Darkness
- The Fruits of Enlightment
Famous novels:
- War and Peace (āĻāĻি āύেāĻĒোāϞিā§āύেāϰ āϰুāĻļ āĻ āĻিāϝাāύ। āϝুāĻĻ্āϧেāϰ āĻā§াāĻŦāĻšāϤা āĻāĻŦং āĻļাāύ্āϤিāϰ āϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻীāĻŦ্āϝ।
- Anna Karenina ( āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻ āύাā§িāĻা : āĻāύা; Theme: Adultery/āĻĒāϰāĻীā§া āĻĒ্āϰেāĻŽেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāύāϤি))
- Childhood (āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļিāϤ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
- Resurrection (āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
- The Kingdom of Good is Within You.
- A Confession
George Eliot
Real Name: Mary Ann Evans
(āĻিāĻ্āĻোāϰিā§াāύ āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻ āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ āĻĒুāϰুāώেāϰ āĻāĻĻ্āĻŽāύাāĻŽে āϞেāĻাāϞেāĻি āĻāϰেāĻেāύ। She used a male pen name to ensure her works would be taken seriously; to protect her private life from public inquiry and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.
Famous Novels:
- Silas Marner (āϏাāĻāϞাāϏ āĻŽাāϰāύাāϰ)
- Adam Bede
- The Mill on the Floss
- Middle March
- Romola
- Silas Marner
Dramatic poem:
The Spanish Gypsy
Quote: “No man can be wise on an empty stomach.”
*** Mathew Arnold āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ : The Scholar Gypsy (poem)
George Eliot āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ : The Spanish Gypsy (poem)
Rulph Hodgson āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ : Time, You Old Gypsy Man
Elizabeth Barret Browning
A Famous Female poet. She was wife of Poet Robert Browning.
Poems:
- How do I Love Thee (Sonnet -43)
- Grief
- Lost Mistress
- Consolation
- Sonnet from Portuguese
Famous Quote:
- How do I love thee (you)? Let me count the ways.
- I love thee dept and breadth and height.
Charles Robert Darwin
He was an English naturalist. He is the Father of theory of the Evolution. (āĻŦিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāύāĻ)
Famous Books:
The Origin of Species
The Origin of Life and Earth
The Decent of Man
Famous quote:
“Tomorrow as yesterday only the fittest will survive in the struggle for existence.” ( āĻ āϤীāϤেāϰ āύ্āϝাā§ āĻāĻŦিāώ্āϝāϤেāĻ āĻ āϏ্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āϞā§াāĻā§ে āϝোāĻ্āϝāϤāĻŽāϰাāĻ āĻিāĻে āĻĨাāĻে।)
** Sir James Jeans āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ : The Origin of Life on Earth (prose).
John Henry Cardinal Newman
He was a leader of the “Oxford Movement”.
Famous Books:
- Loss and Gain (āĻāĻি āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ)
- The Idea of University
- Idea and Justice āĻāĻŦং Poverty and Famine āύাāĻŽে āĻĻুāĻি āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻ্āϰāύ্āĻĨ āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ āĻ āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻ āĻ āĻŽāϰ্āϤ্āϝ āϏেāύ (Prose)
Gladstone
Titles: Grand Old Man of Britain
(āĻাāϰāϤীā§ āϰাāĻāύীāϤিāĻ āĻĻাāĻĻাāĻাāĻ āύāĻāϰোāĻিāĻে Grand Old Man of India āĻŦāϞা āĻšā§)
Famous quote of Gladstone:
“Justice delayed, Justice denied
Justice hurried, Justice buried.”
Alexandre Dumas
He was a famous novelist of France.
Novels:
- Three Musketeers
- Twenty Years After
- Black Tulip
- The Count of Monte Cristo
Karl Marz
He was born in Germany but settled in England. He is called ‘The father of Socialism and modern scientific communism’. (āĻ āϰ্āĻĨাā§ āϤিāύি āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻāĻŖāϏাāĻŽ্āϝāĻŦাāĻĻেāϰ āĻāύāĻ।)
He was a famous German philosopher and pioneer of Marxism. āϤিāύি ‘āĻĨিāĻāϰি āĻ āĻŦ āϏাāϰāĻĒ্āϞাāϏ āĻ্āϝাāϞু’ āĻāĻŦং ‘āĻĨিāĻāϰি āĻ āĻŦ āĻāĻ্āϏāĻĒ্āϞোāϰেāĻļāύ’ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāĻ্āϤা।
āϤাāϰ āĻāύ্āĻŽ ā§Ģ āĻŽে ā§§ā§Žā§§ā§Ž āϏাāϞে āĻাāϰ্āĻŽাāύিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰুāĻļিā§াā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Š āϏাāϞে āĻংāϞ্āϝাāύ্āĻĄে।
Famous Books:
- Das Capital
- Communist Manifesto
- The Holy Family
Famous quotes:
- Religion is opium to the people.
- āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϝāϤ āϏāĻŽাāĻ āĻĻেāĻা āĻেāĻে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻেāϰ āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖি āϏংāĻ্āϰাāĻŽেāϰ
āĻāϤিāĻšাāϏ।
- Men make their own history.
** āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻŽাāϰ্āĻāϏāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻŦি āĻŦিāώ্āĻŖু āĻĻে āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāϰ্āĻāϏāĻŦাāĻĻী āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏিāĻ āĻŽাāύিāĻ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§।
Christian Unlerson
He was a Danish author. He is the father of English fairy tales.
His most famous fairy tales:
- The Emperor’s New Clothes
- The Little Mermaid
- The Nightingale
- The Snow Queen
- The Ugly Duckling
Elizabeth Gaskell
Books:
- North and South
- Wives and Daughters
- Mary Barton
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
British author and physician
Books:
- Sherlock Holmes (detective story)
- A study in Secret
- The Sign of Four
A.S.Hornby
He is famous for Dictionary writing.
Kiran Desai
Novel : The Inheritance of Loss (āϞোāĻāϏাāύেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤāϰাāϧিāĻাāϰ)
Samuel Butler
Famous work: The Way of All Flesh –a semi autobiographical novel. (āϤāĻŦে Restoration āϝুāĻেāϰ William Congreve āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ- The Way of the world)
Famous quote: “Self preservation is the first law of nature.” (āĻāϤ্āĻŽāϰāĻ্āώাāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻৃāϤিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻāύ।)
Oscar Wilde
He was an Irish born novelist and dramatist.
Famous Book and plays:
- A Woman of No Importance
- An Ideal Husband
- The Picture of Dorian Gray
- The Importance of Being Earnest (play)
- The Selfish Giant
- Lady Windermer’s Fan
Edgar Allan Poe
He is an American Author.
Titles: Father of English Short-Story
Father of Modern Detective Story (āϤāĻŦে āĻŦাংāϞা āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝে āĻোāĻāĻāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻāύāĻ āϰāĻŦীāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāύাāĻĨ āĻ াāĻুāϰ। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ āĻোāĻāĻāϞ্āĻĒ – āĻĻেāύা āĻĒাāĻāύা; āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļিāϤ āĻোāĻāĻāϞ্āĻĒ – āĻিāĻাāϰিāύী āĻāĻŦং āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ āϞ্āϝাāĻŦāϰেāĻāϰী)
Only Novel:
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket ( a classical adventure story with supernatural)
Famous Poem:
To Helen
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦিāϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻŦ āĻĒā§েāĻে āĻীāĻŦāύাāύāύ্āĻĻ āĻĻাāϏেāϰ “āĻŦāύāϞāϤা āϏেāύ” āĻāĻŦিāϤাā§
Famous short stories:
- The Black Cat ( āϤāĻŦে Cat and Mouse āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ āĻাāϰ্āĻŽাāύিāϰ āĻāĻŦি āĻুāύ্āĻাāϰ āĻ্āϰাāϏ)
- The Tell Tale Heart
- The Oval Portrait
- The Gold Bug
- The Light of House ( āϤāĻŦে To the Light house āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏāĻি āϞিāĻেāĻেāύ āĻāϧুāύিāĻ āϝুāĻেāϰ āĻļāĻ্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻāĻŦি āĻাāϰ্āĻিāϞিāύা āĻāϞāĻĢ)
āĻāĻļ্āĻŦāϰāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϏাāĻāϰ
āϤিāύি āĻŦাংāϞা āĻāĻĻ্āϝেāϰ āĻāύāĻ। āϞāϰ্āĻĄ āĻĄাāϞāĻšৌāϏিāϰ āĻļাāϏāύাāĻŽāϞে ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ŧ āϏাāϞেāϰ ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻুāϞাāĻ āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāώ্āĻোā§ āĻŦিāϧāĻŦা āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻš āĻāĻāύ āĻĒাāϏ āĻšā§। āĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦাāϰ্āϏ āϰāĻিāϤ Rudiments of Knowledge āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύে āĻŦোāϧোāĻĻā§ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰাāĻীāύ āĻāϞ্āĻĒāĻাāϰ āĻāĻļāĻĒেāϰ Fables āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻŽ্āĻŦāύে āĻāĻĨাāĻŽাāϞা āϰāĻāύা āĻāϰেāύ।
ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧ⧝ āϏাāϞে āϤিāύি āĻļেāĻ্āϏāĻĒিā§āϰেāϰ Comedy of Errors āĻāϰ āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāϰেāύ āĻ্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻŦিāϞাāϏ āĻāϰেāύ
āĻŦāĻ্āĻিāĻŽāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻāĻ্āĻোāĻĒাāϧ্āϝাā§
āĻŦাংāϞা āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āĻāύāĻ। Rajmohan’s Wife – āĻāĻি āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻাāώাā§ āϰāĻিāϤ āϞেāĻāĻেāϰ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏ।
āĻংāϰেāĻি Romantic āϝুāĻেāϰ āϏাāĻšিāϤ্āϝিāĻ Thomas De Quincy āĻāϰ “Confession of an English Opium Eater” āϰāĻāύাāϰ āĻ āύুāĻāϰāĻŖে āĻŦāĻ্āĻিāĻŽāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϤাāϰ āĻāĻŽāϞাāĻাāύ্āϤেāϰ āĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰ āϰāĻāύা āĻāϰেāύ।
āĻŦāĻ্āĻিāĻŽāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻāύāύ্āĻĻāĻŽāĻ āĻāĻĒāύ্āϝাāϏেāϰ āĻংāϰেāĻি āĻ āύুāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāϰেāĻেāύ āύāϰেāĻļāĻāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āϏেāύāĻুāĻĒ্āϤ – ‘The Abbey of Bliss’ āύাāĻŽে।
Napoleon
Famous Quotes:
- Give me a good mother; I will give you a good nation.
- The career is open to the talents
- England is a nation of shop keepers.
- Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of the fools.
Abraham Lincoln
āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāϰ ā§§ā§Ŧ āϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰেāϏিāĻĄেāύ্āĻ āϤিāύি। āϤিāύি āϏ⧠āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻļী āύীāϤি āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāĻ্āϤা। ā§§ā§Ģ āĻāĻĒ্āϰিāϞ ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§Ģ āϏাāϞে āϤিāύি āĻāϤāϤাā§ীāϰ āĻšাāϤে āύিāĻšāϤ āĻšāύ।
āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻāĻ্āϤি :
- Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. (ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§Š āϏাāϞেāϰ ⧍⧧ āύāĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ āĻŽিāύিāĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻĨাā§ী āĻŦিāĻ্āϝাāϤ Gettyburg Address āĻ āϤিāύি āĻ āĻāĻĨা āĻŦāϞেāύ।
- With malice towards none, with charity for all. (āĻাāϰো āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦৈāϰāϤা āύā§, āϏāĻŦাāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏৌāĻšাāϰ্āĻĻ্āϝ।)
- The ballot is stronger than bullet.
- You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the time.
- The best way to destroy an enemy is to make him a friend
- No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar.
- Marriage is neither heaven nor hell, it is simply purgatory.
Victor Hugo
Novels:
- Leo Miserable
- The Hunchback of Notre Dame
- Ninety-three
Poems:
- Autumn Leaves
- Inner Voice
- Rays and Shadows
- Songs of the Twilight
Short Story:
Claude Gueux
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Famous Book: The American scholar
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Novel: The Scarlet Letter.
Walt Whitman
Titles: American National Poet
Books:
- Leaves of Grass
- Franklin Evans
- Drum-Taps
- Memoranda During the War
- Specimen Days
- Democratic Vistas